歸化與異化 
naturalisation and dissimilation

國內(nèi)學(xué)者將歸化 / 異化等同的現(xiàn)象在葛校琴文章中得到了討論。葛在探討這一對(duì)概念時(shí)有一個(gè)前提，即在拋開歸化 / 異化的當(dāng)下語境，而且根據(jù)的是字面意思。 [4] 歸化 / 異化的兩種翻譯傾向自有翻譯以來就經(jīng)常交鋒，在上一個(gè)世紀(jì)，有圍繞魯迅的 “ 硬譯 ” 而展開的洋化與歸化之爭。在此以前，嚴(yán)復(fù)、林紓、梁啟超等人的翻譯，均可視為歸化的翻譯。 “ 魯迅的 ‘ 硬譯 ' 及他的翻譯思想是出于他 ‘ 反對(duì)封建主義，改造國民性 ' 的理念。但魯迅的意圖招致了誤讀， ‘ 硬譯 ' 的倡議最終淹沒在歸化論的喧囂聲中。后來傅雷的 ‘ 神似 ' 論、錢鐘書的 ‘ 化境 ' 說可以說都是歸化論的延伸?？梢姡瑲w化 / 異化的討論往往都是歸化論占上風(fēng)，雖說大家都贊成要保留洋味。 ” （葛校琴， 2002 ： 33 ）葛文是針對(duì)國內(nèi)興起的新一輪歸化 / 異化討論而來的。因?yàn)樵谶@次關(guān)于異化 / 歸化的討論中，人們幾乎 “ 一邊倒地認(rèn)為翻譯應(yīng)該提倡異化 ” 。 
客觀地說，葛的提醒不無道理。但筆者覺得葛所提醒國內(nèi)有關(guān)歸化 / 異化翻譯學(xué)者的問題，要辨證地對(duì)待。我們的一些學(xué)者在響應(yīng)西方學(xué)者提出的歸化 / 異化翻譯主張的同時(shí)，提高了歐化翻譯即當(dāng)年魯迅所提倡的并受到梁實(shí)秋等人詰責(zé)的 “ 硬譯 ” 的地位。當(dāng)年魯迅曾希望翻譯能夠給傳達(dá)新思想，并為中國的語言引進(jìn)新的表現(xiàn)形式，從而給中國文化輸入新的血液，帶來新的生機(jī)。遺憾的是，在上世紀(jì)，歸化 / 異化的討論往往都是歸化論占上風(fēng)。雖然我們不能排除今天的一些學(xué)者存在理論上的誤讀，即他們希望接受 Venuti 等西方學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)，但在實(shí)踐上卻未能得到很好的貫徹，但他們的呼吁和實(shí)踐卻創(chuàng)造了異化 / 直譯的前所未有的大好局面，使翻譯研究從過去的語言層面上升到文化的層面，直譯的方法得到廣泛的認(rèn)可。 
所以，我們要辨證地對(duì)待這一問題。首先，我們對(duì)西方的歸化 / 異化翻譯策略要有更多的評(píng)介，如果理論上淺嘗輒止，我們的研究的可行性就會(huì)大打折扣；其次，位于語言文化層面的異化 / 歸化討論是可以接受的，但這些研究不應(yīng)該臉譜化，帶個(gè)面具，放進(jìn)一些例句，就把文章寫出來了，這樣做，無疑會(huì)降低翻譯研究的學(xué)術(shù)地位。再其次，異化 / 歸化策略的討論如何能同翻譯的理論與實(shí)踐結(jié)合的更緊一些，這可能是翻譯理論建設(shè)中的一個(gè)重要課題，我們不僅要從傳統(tǒng)的翻譯理論上考慮，還要從跨學(xué)科角度去考慮翻譯理論的建構(gòu)，惟有如此，我們的翻譯研究才能不斷保持生機(jī)勃勃。 

Domestic scholars will naturalization / alienation of the same phenomenon in GE Xiao Qin has been discussed in the article. GE to explore the concept of a premise, that is set aside naturalization / alienation of the current context, and based on the literal meaning. [4] naturalization / alienation of the two tend to its own translation of translation has been frequently and, in the last century, around the Lu Xun's "hard Translation" and launched the Yanghua and naturalization dispute. Prior to this, Yan Fu, Lin Shu, Liangqichaodeng the translation, can be regarded as the translation of naturalization. "Lu Xun's' hard Translation 'and the translation of his thinking is out of his' opposition feudalism, and transformation of national character,' the idea. However, Lu Xun's intention to invite a misunderstanding, 'hard Translation' initiative eventually drowned in the naturalization On the sound of the city. Later, Fu Lei's' spirit likeness' On, Qian Zhongshu 'delivering' that can be said is an extension of naturalization. Clearly, naturalization / alienation of the discussions are often naturalization On the upper hand, Although that we have all agreed to retain the foreign flavor. "(GE Xiao Qin, 2002: 33) GE is for the domestic rise of a new round of naturalization / alienation from the discussion. In this regard alienation / naturalization in the discussion, almost "one-sided that the translation should promote alienation." 
Objectively speaking, GE reminder is not unreasonable. But I think GE reminded by the relevant domestic naturalization / alienation translation scholars, we should treat Syndrome. Some of our scholars in response to Western scholars put the naturalization / alienation that the translation at the same time, enhance the Europeanization of translation that was advocated by the Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu, who Jieze by the "hard Translation" status. Lu Xun had hoped that the translation was able to convey new ideas, and for the Chinese language to introduce new forms, thus to the Chinese culture to enter a new blood, new vitality. Unfortunately, in the last century, naturalization / alienation of the discussions are often naturalization On the upper hand. Although we can not rule out the existence of some scholars today's misreading of the theory, that is, they want to accept Venuti and other Western scholars point of view, but in practice has not been properly implemented, but their appeals and practice has created the alienation / literal translation The unprecedented good situation so that the translation of research from the past up to the level of language and cultural level, the literal translation method is widely recognized. 
Therefore, we have to deal with this issue Syndrome. First of all, we in the West of naturalization / alienation translation strategies should be more review, if the theory Qianchangzhezhi, we will study the feasibility of greatly reduced; Secondly, the language and culture at the level of alienation / naturalization is discussed Acceptable, but these studies should not be profiling, with a mask, put some phrases, they wrote the article, to do so, it will undoubtedly lower the academic status of translation studies. Third, the alienation / naturalization strategy of how to discuss with the translation of theory and practice of combining some of the more aggressive, which could translate theory is in the construction of an important subject, we should not only consider the traditional theory of translation, but also Interdisciplinary perspective to consider the translation of theory building, only that we can continue the translation of research to maintain vitality.